Ubiquitous Imaging Device Based Check Image Capture

ABSTRACT

A method or corresponding apparatus for remote transmission of a negotiable instrument. In an example embodiment, the process provides a carrier that secures a negotiable instrument. Next, the process creates a unique identifier, associated with the carrier, and generates an electronic image of the negotiable instrument. After generating the electronic image, the process transmits the electronic image of the negotiable instrument and the unique identifier to a remote location. The negotiable instrument may be transmitted via a fax, a scanner, a device designed to transmit electronic data, other image device compatible with ITU-T recommendations T.30 or T.4, or combination thereof. The process may also verify the negotiable instrument has a valid endorsement, verify image quality of the electronic image to ensure compliance with financial industry standards, or validate any received security information.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/581,705, filed Oct. 16, 2006, which claims the benefit of andpriority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/727,535, filed onOct. 17, 2005. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/581,705 and60/727,535 are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Banks today offer systems having remote check image capture from abusiness site using a dedicated check scanner attached to a computer.The advantages of this system to the customer include the convenienceand cost savings of not having to go to the bank, the capability ofmaking multiple deposits during a day, and placing checks into acollection stream after branch hours. In addition, customers also havecost savings and increased funds availability, which, in turn, resultsin either increased earnings or reduced borrowing costs.

Remote check image capture provides many benefits to the bankingindustry such as increased customer convenience, enhances bank revenue,improves customer retention, and reduces the cost associated withreplacing customers. Further, remote check image capture may alsoincrease an effective footprint of a bank branch (e.g., successfullyserve customers at a greater distance from the branch). For example, newcustomers may be attracted even though they are far from the branchbecause the new customers can use remote check image capture. The addedbenefit of remote check image capture makes it easier to add newcustomers thus, the close rate of customer acquisition increases and thecost decreases. This technique is useful for banks with a limited salesforce because it is cheaper, and requires no additional resources.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an existing remote check image capturesystem 100. Here the remote check image capture uses a dedicated checkscanner 105 attached to a computer 110. Images, based on a scanneditem(s) (not shown), and associated data are sent to a bank, via a dataconnection 115, or service bureau. Next, the system 100 receives theimages 120. After the bank receives the images, image quality isassessed, security tests are performed, and the deposit is proved 125(total deposit amount matches sum of check amounts, which can be read invarious ways). If the bank offers image statements, “on us” items areprocessed as images after appropriate format conversion in AccountStatement preparation 130, resulting in a statement 135. Similarly, ifthe bank chooses to send images 145 to check clearing 140 then no extraprocessing is required as long as the file format for images and dataconform to industry standards. On the other hand, if the bank isreturning checks to customers or the receiving bank does not accept thecheck images, a substitute check 150 must be created. The industryexpectation is that over time all banks will both send and receiveimages.

Currently banks lack a way to offer low volume users (e.g., individualsor small businesses) of deposit transactions, a low cost way to useremote check image capture. Therefore, there is a need to use ubiquitousimaging devices (e.g. FAX machines, flat bed scanners) for check imagecapture. If ubiquitous imaging devices are used, banks and customerswould get the same types of benefits as with higher cost check scanners,described in FIG. 1 without the costs associated with having a dedicatedcheck scanner. This invention addresses this need by providing a systemthat is based on variable rather than fixed cost.

Moreover, the cost of substitute checks affects the economics of remotecheck image capture. Experience suggests that the added cost ofproducing a substitute check has only limited impact on customers whodeposit only a few high value checks at a time. This type of customer isalso an ideal candidate for using their existing FAX machine, flat bedscanner, or other ubiquitous imaging device to remote capture checkimages and make deposits.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One method or corresponding apparatus of the present invention usesubiquitous imaging devices (e.g. FAX machines or flat bed scannersattached to a computer) capable of reading a check carrier to captureand transmit check images to a bank. Next, preprocessing of the imagesis preformed to conform with the bank's existing image receivingcapability. The image preprocessing takes place at a local or remotepart of the network.

A benefit of image capture using ubiquitous imaging devices is that abank's market expands to individual and business customers having only afew checks to deposit and those with larger volumes of checks who arenot willing to pay for a dedicated check scanning device. That is, thetechnology of remote check capture image may be used without having tomake an investment in new equipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following drawings are illustrative of embodiments of the inventionand are not intended to limit the invention as encompassed by the claimsforming part of the application.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an existing remote check image captureprocess;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a remote check image capture process havingan image device;

FIG. 3 depicts a carrier in an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 4 depicts the front and back layout of a two-sided carrier;

FIG. 5 depicts a transparent non-sealing carrier capable of storingnegotiable instruments;

FIG. 6 depicts a cut out carrier with a two sided scan;

FIG. 7 depicts a single sided carrier;

FIG. 8 depicts a carrier having deposit information; and

FIG. 9 shows an example process for transmitting a negotiable instrumentto a remote location.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a system 200 thatcaptures check images using an existing fax machine 205, a computer witha flat bed scanner 210, or other ubiquitous imaging device (not shown).A carrier stores negotiable instruments 220 (e.g., a check or depositslip) for transmission. Next, the system 200 sends the image and dataover a communication line 225 via the fax machine 205. The fax machine205 is compatible with group 3 fax devices implementing ITU-TRecommendations T.30 and T.4. Likewise, if the scanner 210 is used, thesystem 200 sends data over a communication line compatible with bankingindustry standards.

Each image device has different standards. In particular, images andrelated data conform to ANSI X9.100-180 standards (formerly X9.37), therequirements of the Federal Reserve, clearing houses, and imageexchanges. Once the image is received and a deposit is proved 240,existing systems check images and data in the correct formats for thebank's account statements and check clearing. Alternatively, the system200 generates a paper substitute check conforming to ANSI 9.100-140 andFederal Reserve Standards. It is useful to note when banks produce anaccount statement 255 (in Account Statement Prep 245) for theircustomers, they may use a different format than that used for imageclearing with other banks Account statements 255 predate the exchange ofimages between banks Therefore, existing remote capture providers (suchas NetDeposit, Creative Payment Solutions, Metavante) accept data fromPCs and images captured by special purpose two sided scanners (DigitalCheck, Panini, Unisys).

The process delivers the functional equivalent of what users andexisting system providers get from special purpose check scannersattached to a computer. This is achieved through the combination ofcarrier 215, imaging devices 205 and 210, communication links 225, andimage pre processing 230 done before the images and data are handed overto the banks existing image receiving system 235. Alternatively thepreprocessing functions are added to the receiving system's 235 existingsoftware and the images received there instead of at a separatepreprocessing device. It is also possible to have the image receivingsystem 235 feed a separate system to complete the deposit proving 240and submit images for a statement 255 and check clearing 250.

In some instances a substitute check is needed 265. At this point,checks have been endorsed and marked processed, the account holder hasbeen identified, front and back images have been combined, image qualityconfirmed, images and data converted to the format required for furtherprocessing, any necessary communications with the depositor conducted,and a delivery receipt issued to the depositor via fax, e-mail, or othermeans. Optionally, image enhancement has been applied using a fax testpattern included on the carrier, and/or using hints from data enteredprior to fax transmission to improve machine readability of courtesy andlegal amount.

Components of an example system are described below.

Carriers

One system component is a Carrier. The user prepares a deposit in muchthe same way as a deposit to be made at a bank branch. Checks areassembled and endorsed on the back (or on the front of the carrier inone variation), and the deposit ticket prepared (or the check amountsand totals entered on a deposit ticket incorporated into the carrier).Checks and deposit ticket are inserted into or attached to a carrier.Carriers may also be suitable for two-sided scans including: a) atransparent sealing carrier; b) a transparent non-sealing carrier, withor without pockets; and c) a non-transparent cut-out carrier. Singlesided scans are possible if a user's bank permits the system to apply tothe back side image either: 1) a standard endorsement; or 2) a copy ofan endorsement made on the front of the carrier containing the check.

FIG. 3, depicts a carrier in an exemplary embodiment. The carriercontains a deposit ticket 305 and check A 310 and check B 315 enclosed.Later sections describe examples that may be included into a carrier aswell as different types of carriers.

Fax Machines, Flat Bed Scanners, Etc.

Another system component is a scanning device used for a variety ofcommercial and personal purposes (e.g., not a special purpose checkscanning devices). Such devices could include a Fax machine; a computerwith a scanner, such as flat bed scanners, or other imaging device. Manycomputers have the ability to send faxes, as well as use othercommunications protocols (e.g. files attached to e-mails or theInternet). Fax machines may have a handset and numeric keyboard allowingthe transmission of numeric data before the start of a fax transmission.

In order to serve the largest possible depositor base, an embodiment ofthis invention does not require any modification to these scanningdevices. However, one may choose to test the image quality, as well asthe capabilities and condition of an individual device before allowing acustomer to submit deposits.

Communications Network

Yet another system component is a communications network. Thecommunication network can be a dial-up phone network (generally used forfaxes), or other protocol acceptable to image receiving and a preprocessing module (e.g., 230 of FIG. 2), which might include e-mail orthe Internet.

For Fax transmissions, whether originated by a Fax machine or by acomputer employing the Fax protocol, a telephone connection isestablished with a receiving party. A sending device is identified in anumber of ways. If the depositor calls an 800 number, the calling numberis always available, since caller ID on 800 number calls cannot beblocked. Fax machines provide for user entry of identifying information,such as name and calling phone number, which is included in the Fax.This information can be used by the image receiving system toauthenticate the depositor's sending device.

Image Receiving and Preprocessing Unit

Still yet another system component is an image receiving andpreprocessing unit. Alternatively, this functionality may beincorporated into a bank's existing image receiving unit. Nonetheless,the image preprocessing unit receives the fax and data transmission,identifies the depositor, combines the fronts and backs of checks,assesses image quality, optionally enhances image quality, reads keydata off the images using an OCR, optionally enhances the reading with“hinting algorithms”, communicates with the depositor, reformats imagesand data to make them acceptable to the bank's existing remote imagecapture system, and facilitates the exchange of communication betweenthe depositor and the system.

Carrier Features

Carriers are a unique assemblage of materials, for the most partcommercially available and may include the following features. Thesefeatures provide the following benefits: a) ensure the properpositioning on the carrier of checks and deposit tickets; b) facilitatematching fronts and backs of carriers; c) provide assurance that thedeposit is coming from the accountholder, not someone else; d) prevent acheck being deposited more than once either by remote capture or at abranch of any bank; and e) improve image readability. Not all featuresdiscussed in this application will necessarily be used in everyembodiment of the invention. Instead a user (e.g., banks/financialinstitutions and carrier suppliers) may select a certain feature orfeatures.

Registration, Adhesive, and Pockets

FIG. 4 depicts the front and back layout of a two-sided carrier used forstoring a negotiable instrument. More specifically, to insure a depositticket or check is in the appropriate position on a carrier 400 avariety of techniques can be used. For example, printed registrationmarks 450 may be used to help the user position the negotiableinstrument. Another way to align a negotiable instrument in the carrieris to align the corner and horizontal line to minimize scanning skew,and ensure that “processed” markings 405 are outside the area on thenegotiable instrument generally used for payee, legal amount, andcourtesy amount. Registration marks may be used to align either the topor bottom of the check. Positioning can be maintained with a variety ofstandard commercial methods such as: permanent and reposition ableadhesives, pockets and static cling.

Retention

Redeposit of checks previously submitted by remote image capture is aconcern of the banks, even though depositors are responsible forpreventing redeposit. Items deposited a second time through the sameremote capture system are fairly easily detected by comparing the checkdata (routing, account number, check number, and amount) to checkspreviously deposited. To minimize the risk of redeposit, particularly atbranches and at other banks, the check can be either partly or entirelysealed in a carrier 400, or attached with adhesive to the carrier insuch manner that it cannot be removed without damage to the face of thecheck (not shown).

Sealing in Plastic

In one embodiment of the carrier 400 a check is permanently retained. Inthis case, the carrier 400 may consist of a clear front self adhesivesheet paired with a matching clear rear sheet. After aligning thedeposit ticket and checks with registration marks on the inside of therear sheet, the user closes the carrier, rubs designated areas of thecarrier creating a permanent seal; and transfers to the check either avisible or invisible until pressed “processed” marking 405.

Sealing of the carrier may be accomplished in a number of ways. Forinstance, the inside of one sheet may be coated with a tacky adhesivewith a high affinity for paper so that any attempt at removing the checkwould result in obvious damage. The adhesive may be applied over theentire area that would contact a check, or may be applied in one of avariety of patterns that would overlap the face of the check.Alternatively, the adhesive need not necessarily provide a full bond ofthe two parts of the carrier as long as it strongly adheres to the faceof the check in whole, or in a pattern over the face.

Optionally, the sheets can be designed in such a way that acryptographically or otherwise generated number or bar code would not bevisible until the two front and back sheets are mated together inpermanent seal with the check trapped in-between the front and backsheet. This may be accomplished with chemical treatment of the front andback sheets to hide the image of the number or bar code until the twosheets mate.

Other techniques, such as optical interference pattern, also permithiding the verification code until the checks have been encapsulated inthe carrier. The image receiving system, by checking the transmittedimage for the presence of the number or bar code, determines a carrierhas been sealed thus preventing its reuse and undamaged removal of thecheck and thus redeposit.

Attachment with Permanent Adhesive

In non-sealing carriers, negotiable instruments such as checks can beattached to the carrier using any of a number of methods, such as a selfadhesive glue strip pre-applied to the carrier. The use of a permanentadhesive may reduce the likelihood of redeposit because the check couldnot be removed without some damage. In the case of the cut out carrier,damage would be restricted to a small part of the top edge and left sideof the check.

Sequence Number and/or Bar Code

Referring now back to FIG. 4, the carrier 400 has a place for eitherentering deposit data or for inserting a prepared deposit ticket, andplaces for checks to be inserted so that relevant information istogether. The carriers have a unique security/sequence number on boththe front 410 and back 420, which facilitates pairing front 410 and back420 images transmitted separately and detecting checks deposited morethan once. To facilitate machine processing of the security/sequencenumbers, the carrier could have the sequence numbers and/or bar codes415 pre-printed in such a manner as to be easily read by an imageprocessing system at the receiving bank. In this way, even if the frontand back of the check are sent as separate fax transmissions atdifferent times, it would still be possible to match up the correctfront and back of a particular check.

An optional way to implement sequence numbers and bar codes ontransparent carriers is to pre-print this information on both sides ofthe deposit ticket. One advantage of this approach is that a standardcarrier, without any customized information, is used, thus reducingcosts. Even though one may choose to reuse the carrier, thepreprocessing/receiving unit could detect the reuse by comparing thesequence number to ones already used and, in turn, reject the deposit.

In another embodiment, the numbers and bar codes are printed on one sideof a two sided carrier and provide the ability to match front and back.This is so since numbers and bar codes print direct (without a solidbackground color underneath the printing) on a transparent carrier andare read through the other side of the carrier. It is useful to notethat there may be some image degradation because reading is done throughtwo layers of carrier.

In an option to enhance security, the carrier or sequence number depositticket provider would keep track of which items were related to whichdepositor/account. The receiving system could then interrogate adatabase to determine if the carrier was valid for use by the depositor.

Yet another security option, cryptographic techniques are used togenerate a unique number and/or bar code, whose validity is checked bythe receiving system. One embodiment is uses the sequence number andaccount to generate a code. With generic carriers (e.g., no preprintedsequence number or bar code) where users print selected information atthe time of use, the code could also be based on the date oftransmission and other variable information, such as the amount of thecheck. One skilled in the art may also use a number of so called “hash”algorithms to cryptographically generate a number based on the input ofother data. An example of such an algorithm is the SHA-1 Secure HashStandard, FIPS PUB 180-1, by US government standards agency NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology).

Processed Marking

In another embodiment, a mark such as “Processed” is placed on anegotiable instrument to prevent re-processing. A receiving system wouldlook at the image for the marking to determine that the check has beenproperly marked and that the deposit should be processed. If theprocessed marking is not properly applied to the check this would beevident in the image and the deposit rejected. Optionally, the processedmarking could include a difficult to copy unique design feature thatdifferentiates it from other processed markings.

Processed marking is one of a number of approaches used to alert branchpersonnel and other remote capture systems to scrutinize the item beforeallowing deposit. Redeposit into the system used by the depositor's bankis prevented by comparing check number, amount, routing and accountnumber to checks already deposited.

A number of methods can be used to mark the check processed. In asealing carrier, the “Processed” notation is incorporated into the frontof the carrier that adheres to the check. Other techniques include, in adesignated area on the check, placing the word “Processed,” or using arubber stamp to stamp “Processed”. Positioning on the check is notassured and carrier reuse would not necessarily be prevented, and in thelatter case, a stamp would have to be provided to all carrier users.More attractive implementations include: 1) using pressure to transfervisible or otherwise invisible until rubbed ink to the check from thecarrier; or 2) placing on the check a sticker/label whose removal woulddamage the check.

Pressure Transferred Ink

In this embodiment, the word “Processed” is contained inmicroencapsulated ink and placed in a designated and identified area onthe back side of the transparent front sheet of the carrier. A preferredlocation is near a top registration guide, in an area not likely toobscure: to whom paid, the courtesy amount, the legal amount, or theMICR information. Text on the carrier would indicate this area must beactivated prior to transmission of the deposit. Activation would beaccomplished by rubbing the designated area, resulting in the crushingof the microcapsules, which are arranged to spell out “processed”. Thiswould result in the contained ink to preferentially migrate to andpenetrate the check paper, spelling out the word “Processed.”

In still yet another embodiment, a similar designated area would containa colored polymeric adhesive material printed in a visible pattern wherethe word “Processed” selectively adheres to the check surface. Thedesignated area, when rubbed, would transfer the word “Processed” to thesurface of the check where it would permanently adhere. If the checkwere subsequently removed from the carrier, it is marked, but inaddition, the designated area of the carrier would now contain a reverseimage of the word “Processed” from where the material was transferred.The word “Processed” prevents reuse of a carrier, since a faxtransmission containing a reverse or negative image of the word“Processed” is rejected.

Permanent Adhering Stickers/Labels

In another embodiment, a single sheet or cut-out carrier is used,stickers/labels preprinted with “Processed” are provided and are affixedby a user to a negotiable instrument in a designated upper middleportion of the document. Such labels are made from common label stockhaving a permanent adhesive. The labels and their release liners areattached to the carrier outside of the check area with the instructionthat one be transferred to each check.

The stock might be similar to commercially available permanentlyadhering label material supplied by Avery Dennison Corporation. Opaquematerials such as or similar to: Postage Meter Labels (Avery product05288 or 05289), or Mailing Labels (Avery product 5267 or 8167). Moreacceptable to bankers might be labels produced on clear polymer stockwith the word “Processed” imprinted in black, because this stock wouldnot significantly obscure any part of the face of the check (e.g., AveryProduct 5667).

An alternative to providing the preprinted labels on each carrier, wouldbe to provided them in sheet form in an amount consistent with thenumber of checks that might be deposited using a set number of carriers,for instance, two hundred labels for one hundred carriers having theability to include up to two checks each.

Half Tone Grid

A half-tone grid used to enhance image quality may be incorporated intotransparent cover sheets. The grid performs much the same function asthe photo-mode, available on some fax machines. The use of this gridimproves the quality of continuous tone images (i.e. images which have agray scale and are not just black and white) which would then be sentusing conventional Group 3 (G3) fax transmission standards. This is sobecause G3 fax transmission standards support monochrome high contrast(e.g. black and white images). By use of the half-tone grid suchcontinuous tone original images are effectively transformed intomonochrome high contrast images suitable for fax transmission.

Test Pattern

In embodiments, a test pattern is included on the carrier and used toimprove the calibration of the OCR software reading the image. The testpattern might include a series of printed bars ranging from black tovarious shade of gray to white. By comparing the received image to aknown standard used to create the printed bars, the receiving systemdetermines at what gray level the sending fax made the determination tosend black or white. With this information the image enhancing and/orimage reading software (Courtesy Amount Read and Legal Amount Read)could make a determination when an area imaged as black or white shouldbe the reverse.

Carrier Variations

It is useful to note that the features described above may be employedin a variety of carrier implementations: transparent and opaque, sealingand non-sealing, single and double sided scanned, and inserted andincorporated deposit ticket. Below are some example carriers.

Transparent Sealing Two Sided Carrier

A non-reusable, self adhesive transparent, flexible, non-glare two sidedcheck carrier that easily follows the paper transport path of imagingdevices so equipped, assures: image quality, deposit ticket informationand checks stay together, and that front and back images can be pairedup (the front and back may be transmitted separately).

Referring again to FIG. 4 that depicts an outside view 445 and an insideview 455 having a front and back layout of a two-sided carrier used forstoring a negotiable instrument. This carrier 400 consists of atransparent sheet that, when folded and closed, the two sides adhere, inone or more areas, to each other and to the enclosed documents 425, andincorporates a sequence number 410, bar code 430, test pattern 435, aprocessed legend 405 that transfers with pressure from the inside of thefront cover to the check, a place with registration marks and repositionable adhesive for affixing the deposit ticket and check(s) 450, and anotation to rub the checks to seal the carrier 440.

Transparent Non-Sealing Two Sided Carrier

A non-reusable, transparent, flexible, non-glare two sided checkcarrier, with or without pockets, that easily follows the papertransport path of imaging devices so equipped, assures: image quality,deposit ticket information and checks stay together, and that front andback images can be paired up (the front and back may be transmittedseparately).

FIG. 5 depicts a transparent Non-sealing Carrier capable of storingnegotiable instruments. More specifically, a non-sealing carrier withtwo sided scan having pockets is shown. This carrier consists of twotransparent sheets sealed on up to 3 sides 500, pockets for depositticket and checks, with a notation above the pocket seam remindingdepositors to align the check against the left and top edges of thepocket 530; and incorporates a sequence number 505, bar code 510, testpattern 520, a processed legend transferred by pressure from the insideof the front cover to the check 525 (e.g., a negotiable instrument), anda reminder 535 to rub to transfer the processed legend.

Cut Out Carrier

FIG. 6 depicts a cut out carrier with a two Sided Scan. The carrier witha fixed or adjustable cut out avoids, all or in part, the need for atransparent carrier. This carrier is an opaque piece of heavy paper orlight card stock 600 with cutouts over which the checks and depositticket would be secured 620, and incorporates a sequence number 605, barcode 610, test pattern 615, registration marks and adhesive for affixingthe deposit ticket and check(s) 625, and a legend 630 reminding thedepositor to transfer the “Processed” sticker/label to the face of thecheck. A user transfers to the check the “processed” legend by removinga sticker from elsewhere on the carrier and placing it on the check inthe appropriate area, or place the legend on the check using one of theother methods for so doing described earlier.

The cut out area is large enough to accommodate business checks. Itemswould be position in the upper left hand corner of the cut out securedon the carrier by a thin band of adhesive at the top or leading edge ofthe cut out area. Either permanent adhesive or reposition able adhesive,similar to the 3M Company “Post-it” product, can be used. The top orleading edge of the item is adhered to the carrier so that only a smallportion (about ¼ inch) of the back of the item is not visible throughthe cutout area. This embodiment allows imaging of the front and back ofitems without use of an overlay.

By eliminating the clear plastic overlay on top of the check, issuessuch as image degradation due to reflection from the plastic and missfeeds due to a poor match between the friction of the plastic versus anormal paper carrier would be avoided. However because the point ofadhesion between the carrier and the check lacks the protection thetransparent carrier provides, the likelihood the deposit ticket or checkmay move during scanning is greater, particularly when using areposition able adhesive and a fax machine that moves the carrierthrough the machine. Devices that have a flat copy glass are less likelyto have this problem.

One Sided Carrier

A one-sided carrier (transparent or opaque) for transmitting only animage of the front of the check with either: a) the depositor placingthe endorsement on the front of the carrier and the bank's receivingpreprocessing unit applying it to a system created blank check backimage; or b) no endorsement and the bank's receiving preprocessing unitapplying the customer's standard endorsement to a system created blankcheck back image.

While it may be required to send for collection images of both the frontand back of checks, the back, for other than third party checks, willnormally be blank. Thus, instead of applying the endorsement to the backof the check and then placing the check in a two sided carrier, it ispossible to have a one-sided carrier with space for the endorsement onthe front of the carrier on the same side as the check. In the event athird party check needs to be deposited, the endorsement can be copiedunto the single side of the carrier, or the check can be sent throughtwice-first the front and then the back. As with the double-sidedcarrier a number of different implementations are possible.

FIG. 7 depicts a single sided carrier. The carrier has a sealingtransparent cover and a opaque back 700, and incorporates a sequencenumber 705, bar code 710, test pattern 715, a processed legend 720transferred from the inside of the front cover to the check with anotation to rub to seal carrier 725, a place with registration marks 730and adhesive for affixing the deposit ticket and check, and a designatedarea 735 where the endorsement can be applied.

Alternatively, the carrier may be a normal sheet of paper with asequence number, bar code, test pattern, places to adhere the depositticket and check, and a place for the endorsement. By elimination of aclear plastic overlay on top of the check, issues such as imagedegradation due to reflection from the plastic and miss feeds due to apoor match between the friction of the plastic versus a normal papercarrier would be avoided. The user would transfer to the check theprocessed legend by removing a sticker from elsewhere on the carrier,and placing it on the check in the appropriate area. A user could alsoplace the legend on the check using one of the other methods describedearlier.

Deposit Information Written Directly on Carrier

Rather than insert or attach a preprinted deposit ticket into thecarrier, the carrier could have a white area where standard informationnormally found on a deposit ticket could be preprinted and provisionmade for entering the variable information.

FIG. 8 depicts a carrier having deposit information. The carrier has asealing transparent cover 800, and incorporates a sequence number 805,bar code 810, test pattern 815, a processed legend transferred from theinside of the front cover to the check 820 and an indicator 825 to rubcarrier to seal, a place with registration marks and adhesive foraffixing the deposit ticket and check(s) 830, and an white area 835where standard information is preprinted on the carrier and variableinformation is entered.

The standard information could include account holder name and address,bank name and address, and account number in MICR type. The variableinformation is typically the date of deposit, check amount(s), and adeposit total.

Constraint boxes, often used on deposit tickets today, can be printed onthe carrier to improve the readability of hand printed characters. Otherdevices to improve machine-readability of data include: using mark sensecodes in lieu of hand writing check amounts and deposit total, orproviding depositors with a computer program that prints out the carrierand/or deposit ticket with OCR compatible characters or bar codes. Sucha computer program would need to be developed to match the specificcarrier design to be used. While using a computer program to print thecarrier will improve the readability of data it does add a step to theprocess and requires a PC and printer. It can have the further advantageof simplifying manufacture and distribution since generic carriers canbe used and only customized with sequence numbers and bar codes andother data at the time of printing.

Other Carrier Variants and Uses

Carriers may also be used with devices that simultaneously scan bothsides. In such application the ability to pair carrier fronts and backsmay not be important, but other features (e.g., skew control) may be.

The carriers can also be produced in non-sealing variations that areintended for reuse. These while offering a lower level of security and ahigher level of convenience could be acceptable in some applications, orto some banks This option would not be available in carriers wherevariable information is written directly on the carrier or anendorsement is stamped.

Example Process

FIG. 9 shows an example process 900 for transmitting a negotiableinstrument to a remote location. A fax is sent by a PC with scannerattached, the sending process is different, but the preparation andprocessing of the images by the receiving system are the same.

Prepare Deposit (Step 905)

The user prepares the deposit in much the same way as a deposit to bemade at a bank branch. Checks are assembled and depending on the type ofcarrier used: endorsed on the back, not endorsed, or the endorsementplaced on the front of the carrier. Either a deposit ticket is prepared,or check amounts and the deposit total are written on the deposit ticketarea incorporated into the carrier.

Insert Checks (Step 910)

Checks and a deposit ticket (if used) are inserted into or attached tothe carrier.

Telephone Data Entry (Step 915)

The user, using a fax machine, calls the bank's number and following theprompts either key enters or speaks to a voice response unit therequested information. The information can include some or all of thefollowing: carrier number, side, depositor account number, deposittotal, and for each check the amount, routing, account number, and checknumber. This information will be used to enhance the reading of thesenumbers off the check image. It is useful to note that this step is notrequired.

Fax Front (Step 920)

The carrier is placed with the front side down in the fax machine. Iftelephone data entry has not been used, the user calls the bank'snumber. The user starts transmission. When a PC is used with a flat bedscanner, or similar device, the depositor follows the instructions forpreparing a fax. It may be possible to scan both the front and backsidesbefore sending the fax.

Fax Back (Step 925)

If necessary insert the back side of the carrier into the fax machineand initiate a second fax transmission.

Receive Images and Data (Step 930)

An Image Receiving and a Preprocessing Unit accepts the depositors call,logs the calling number (source ISDN); and if telephone data entry isused, provides prompts for required data and records that data. Receivesthe fax image applying the usual fax quality tests and advises thesending machine if the transmission is not acceptable. This test isdifferent than later tests performed to determine if the image issuitable for check image processing. If the front and back of thecarrier are sent in separate transmissions the step is repeated.

Store Images/Data (Step 935)

Calling number, fax machine ID, transmitted images and data aretemporarily stored.

Prepare Data (Step 940)

The fax image is broken down based primarily on location on the carrierinto components: carrier number, test pattern, bar code, image depositinformation, image check 1 side 1, image check 2 side 1, image check 1side 2, image check 2 side 2, endorsement (single sided carrier), etc.The sequence number, side identifier (if present) and/or bar code areread. If automated means cannot identify the components or read thedata—they are referred to an operator. If the operator is unsuccessful adeposit failure message is sent to the depositor by fax, e-mail, phoneetc (Send Communications, Step 945).

Send Communication (Step 945)

Communication with the user that is not handled directly by the fax tofax machine protocol requires sending the message by fax, e-mail, phone,or mail. The method chosen depends on the nature of the message, whichcan be originated at a number of steps in the process, and userpreferences. Messages may be generated by the system or by the humanoperator which processes exceptions.

Pair Check Fronts and Backs (Step 950)

Printed on the carrier are: carrier type, if more then one type isallowed by system; sequence number (front and back); and sideidentification (either by a side code or by different positioning of thesequence number on front and back. This information is used to associatethe fronts and backs of two sided carriers. Single sided carrierimages/data are released for processing as soon as the components havebeen identified. Two sided carrier data is released as soon as bothsides have been received, components identified, and associated.

Assess Image Quality (Step 955)

A number of products are commercially available for assessing checkimage quality; and could be licensed for inclusion in the preprocessingunit. If the software assessment indicates a problem, rather than returnthe item immediately a human operator could view the image and make afinal determination. If an image lacks sufficient quality even afterimage enhancement efforts, such as using a test pattern (as described inthe carrier features section), the depositor would be notified to refaxthe carrier or take the it to the nearest branch for processing.

Identify Depositor (Step 960)

The account number is read off the deposit ticket or deposit informationarea of the carrier using commercially available software products, andoptionally using “hint algorithms to improve the quality of the read.For Fax submissions, the system compares the calling phone number, andtransmitted Fax ID and Fax phone number with information on file for theaccount number on the deposit ticket. A further confirmation test couldbe performed if a database is maintained relating specific carriers toan individual depositor/account. This could be interrogated to see ifthe carrier being used had been issued to the depositor. A failure tomatch on the above tests would trigger deposit rejection and/or or acall to the depositor.

Read Images (Step 965)

At this point in the process, off the image of the carrier the followinghave already been read: the carrier number; carrier type and sidedesignation (if present); and depositor account number. In this step,each check image must be examined to determine in the “Processed”notation is properly on each check. If not the deposit is eitherrejected by the system or given to an operator for a decision.

In a particular implementation, how much more must be read depends onwhat the bank's image receiving unit is expecting. The receiving unitwill always want the front and back images of the check. Some carriertypes have the endorsement on the front of the carrier, or depend on thesystem adding a depositor specific endorsement to a system created imageof the back of the check. If those optional steps are necessary they arecarried out at this time. Some bank systems may expect as data fields:the MICR line of the check, and as read off the deposit ticket and/oroptionally as entered, the amounts of individual checks and the totaldeposit amount.

Other bank's image receiving units may expect more of the processing bedone for them. For example, the courtesy amount and legal amount couldbe read off the check; compared to each other and to the amount read offthe deposit ticket and/or the amount entered by telephone. They shouldall be the same. Any exceptions could be processed automatically with adeposit rejection message, or handled by an operator who communicateswith the depositor.

While in many cases the check images presented by the bank for clearingmust meet image quality standards, there are some things that can bedone to facilitate successful machine courtesy amount read (CAR), legalamount read (LAR), and deposit ticket read; and thus reduce the need foroperator intervention. Even with a compromised fax image, “OCR hinting”algorithms can be used to improve the success of machine proofing of thecheck and deposit without any loss of security, but with much to gain byeliminating or limiting the need for human proofing. The word “hinting”as used in our invention has a particular meaning In the context of ourinvention, we mean that when the OCR engine that examines the image wehave sent attempts to extract the data (e.g. check amount) from theimage it will have available to it the sender's interpretation of thedata. In such a case, the computational task of the OCR engine issimpler than “blind” recognition. With “hints” provided, the OCR enginecan focus on proofing the data in the image with the hints and render anopinion on the likelihood that the hint matches the data in the image.

One source of “OCR hint” data might be check and deposit informationprovided over the telephone just prior to or just after the faxing ofthe check carrier. This telephone interaction could be by using the DTMF(i.e. Touch-Tone) keys on the telephone or by voice recognition. Forexample, the information entered by telephone could include: the serialnumber of the deposit ticket or carrier, the routing, account number,check number and amount of each check to be deposited, and the deposittotal.

Convert Format (Step 970)

Existing banks remote check image capture systems are designed to workwith specific check image capture devices. These systems have eitherbeen developed by individual banks, or use commercially availablehardware and software. Their data/image formats are different from thoseused for faxes. Therefore in order to interface with existing processesformat conversion is necessary. If desired, provide to the depositor areceipt, subject to proof of deposit and collection (the same conditionthat apply to a branch deposit receipt).

Bank Process (Step 975)

With image quality checked, check front and backs paired, image and dataconverted to the form expected by the bank's image receiving unit, faximage deposits are processed in much the same way as are deposits madeusing traditional check scanning devices.

Forward Message (Step 980)

The preprocessing function interfaces with the banks existing remotecapture image receiving/processing system and through it with thedeposit proving (e.g., validating). There may be a need for these unitsto communicate with the depositor. If desired these can be routedthrough the preprocessing unit, which forwards the message changingmodes as may be required (e.g. converting an e-mail message to a fax oran automated voice call).

Redeposit Prevention

Redeposit is prevented in a number of ways. Items deposited through thesystem a second time can be detected by comparing bank, account number,check number and amount data for each check to those already processed.In addition, the carrier's unique coding/number can be used to detectduplicate deposits. As an option, at the time of carrier distributionspecific carrier numbers can be associated with individual customers,their fax machine and/or telephone line for added security.

The following features reduce the chance of a check being re-depositedat a branch or at another bank.

The check is retained (attempting to remove it would damage the check)in the carrier which has “Processed” or some similar notation preprintedon it;

The carrier transfers a non removable (without damaging the check)sticker with the words “Processed” or such similar notation, andoptionally the carrier's unique identifier, or

The carrier transfers via ink the words “Processed” or such similarnotation, and optionally the carrier's unique identifier to the check.

The carrier may be so designed that from the transmitted/received imageit can be determined: 1) the carrier has been properly sealed, thuspreventing reuse; and 2) the “Processed” sticker or ink imprint has beensuccessfully transferred to the check. In the case of some difficultywith the remote deposit the customer can still bring the carrier encasedcheck or the “Processed” marked check to a branch for deposit.

Comparison to Traditional Remote Check Image Capture Methods TraditionalRemote Capture Device:

Traditional—Remote Check Image Scanning—requires acquisition of astandalone device or a check scanner for use with an existing PC.Keyboard input is possible. On screen visual verification of imagequality can be done, if desired. Often the scanner can MICR read ratherthan OCR read the MICR data. A receipt may be printed. The scanner mayendorse the check and print some legend such as “Processed” on the faceof the check. Password protection is possible. Generally the images anddata are encrypted and delivered via the Internet.

FAX Imaging—Existing equipment is used (e.g. fax machine, flat bedscanner attached to PC). Scanned images (in fax or other format) may besubmitted to the bank via a point to point telephone connection, via theInternet or by other network means. In the first case the calling numbercan be identified via ISDN and verified to be that registered to aparticular customer. Image quality should be good since a low-speedscanning device is used and a fax test pattern may be employed to helpthe receiving software produce a high quality image. Before insertinginto the carrier, checks are manually endorsed as is done when making abranch deposit. The carrier performs many of the functions thetraditional device performs (e.g., enables two sided processing bykeeping the front and back of a check together, marks checks as“Processed”, identifies the customer).

Network

Traditional—Internet and direct dial up.

FAX Imaging—Direct dial up and Internet. Since direct dial up is thepredominant way fax machines communicate, it is likely to be thedominant method for sending check images to the bank.

Image Receipt and Preprocessing

Traditional—Provide delivery receipt and preliminary acceptance of imagequality by software.

FAX Imaging—Verify sender (optional) using: the fax identification andphone number entered into the fax machine, and/or calling phone numberto relate the device to a specific customer. Caller ID cannot be blockedon an 800 number, and is not applicable to Internet transmission. Pairindividual front and back images, which may have been transmittedseparately and confirm image quality. Apply image enhancement (optional)using the fax test pattern included on the carrier. Convert images fromfax or other standard to the format required for further processing orfor submission to other banks Provide delivery receipt via fax, e-mail,or other means.

Deposit Proof

Traditional—For each check compare CAR (Courtesy Amount Read)/LAR (LegalAmount Read) and keyed in or written deposit ticket amount; andcalculate totals and compare to customer provided total. Amounts that donot match or cannot be optically read by the system off the image, ordeposits that do not balance require operator intervention. The customeris informed of any deposit adjustments by e-mail, fax or phone.

FAX Imaging—For each check compare CAR (Courtesy Amount Read)/LAR (LegalAmount Read) and keyed in, written, or otherwise transmitted depositticket amount; calculate totals and compare to customer provided total.The carrier has either a place for the deposit ticket to be inserted ora place on the carrier where deposit information can be written orotherwise provided. Amounts that do not match or cannot be opticallyread by the system off the image, or deposits that do not balancerequire operator intervention in the same way as for traditional. Thecustomer is informed of any deposit adjustments by e-mail, fax or phone.It is possible a higher percentage of deposits may require operatorintervention than under the traditional method, the cost of which wouldbe covered in the pricing.

Avoiding Duplicate System Deposits

Traditional—Compare checks in deposit to checks already received.

FAX Imaging—Compare checks in deposit to checks already received. Alsocompare carrier numbers.

Avoiding Duplicate Branch Deposits

Traditional—Imaged checks are often marked with “Processed” or somesimilar notation on the face. Checks marked as “Processed”, which havenot actually been successfully deposited, could be accepted by thebranch after verifying this is not a redeposit.

FAX Imaging—Checks to be imaged may be marked with “Processed”, or asimilar notation, on the face; or checks are sealed in the carrierbefore scanning Checks marked as “Processed”, which have not actuallybeen successfully deposited, would be accepted by the branch afterverifying this is not a redeposit. Checks sealed in a carrier could bescanned without removal from the carrier at the branch or bank'soperations center.

Check Damaged Beyond Repair

Traditional—Customer would have to go back to issuer.

FAX Imaging—Customer would have to go back to issuer.

Customer Indemnification of Bank

Traditional—Required. Know your customer applies.

FAX Imaging—Required. Know your customer applies.

1. A system for remote depositing of a negotiable instrument comprising:a carrier for receiving a negotiable instrument, the carrier having anidentifier on a front and back side of the carrier, the identifier beingunique to the carrier and designed to permit a front image and backimage of the negotiable instrument to be generated; an imaging devicefor separately generating and transmitting the electronic image of thefront and back of the negotiable instrument and the unique identifier,while the negotiable instrument is secured to the carrier; a linkconfigured to permit the image device to be in communication with anetwork for directing the front and back electronic image to a remotelocation for subsequent pairing of the front and back image of thenegotiable instrument using the unique identifier; and a receiving unitat the remote location for receiving and storing for later pairingseparately transmitted front and back images of the negotiableinstrument and subsequently to pair the front image of the negotiableinstrument having the associated unique identifier to a separatelyreceived corresponding back image of the negotiable instrument havingthe associated unique identifier, so as to provide a complete image ofthe negotiable instrument.
 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the carrierfurther includes one of: a transparent sealing carrier, transparentnon-sealing carrier having pockets, transparent non-sealing carrierwithout pockets, a non-transparent cut-out carrier, a transparentcarrier with an inserted negotiable instrument, a single sided carrier,and two sided carrier.
 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the carrierfurther includes one of: a seal to retain the negotiable instrumenttherewith, an identifier to indicate the negotiable instrument isprocessed, or a feature to permit alignment of the negotiable instrumentin a specified manner.
 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the negotiableinstrument is a check or deposit slip.
 5. The system of claim 1 whereinthe image device includes one of a fax, a scanner, a device designed totransmit electronic data, other image devices compatible with ITU-Trecommendations T.30 or T.4, other communications protocols compatiblewith banking industry standards, or combination thereof.
 6. A carrierfor a negotiable instrument, the carrier comprising: a body portiondesigned to permit a front image and a back image of the negotiableinstrument, when the negotiable instrument is secured thereto, to begenerated; an identifier on a front side and back side of the carrier tobe imaged with the front and back of the negotiable instrument, theidentifier being unique to; an alignment indicator that permitspositioning the negotiable instrument; and a surface, on the bodyportion, made from a material that can avoid interference withtransmission of an electronic image of the front and back of thenegotiable instrument and the unique identifier, while the negotiableinstrument is secured to the carrier, and with subsequent pairing of thefront and back image of the negotiable instrument at a remote location.7. The carrier of claim 6 wherein the surface is capable of providingdeposit or endorsement information.
 8. The carrier of claim 6 whereinthe body portion includes a second surface capable of providing depositor endorsement information.
 9. The carrier of claim 6 wherein the bodyportion includes one of a seal or pocket.
 10. The carrier of claim 6wherein the surface is transparent.
 11. The carrier of claim 6 whereinthe surface includes one of: a pattern, half tone markings, a sequencenumber, a bar code, a cryptography bar code, or an invisible marking.12. The carrier of claim 6 wherein the body portion allows thenegotiable instrument to be stored in a permanent manner.
 13. Thecarrier of claim 6 wherein the surface of the body portion is furtherdesigned to permit a marking to be provided on the negotiable instrumentto prevent re-processing of the negotiable instrument.
 14. The carrierof claim 6 wherein the alignment indicator is a registration mark or anadhesive strip.
 15. A system for remote depositing of a negotiableinstrument comprising: a carrier for receiving a negotiable instrumentand designed to permit a front and back image of the negotiableinstrument, when the negotiable instrument is secured to the carrier, tobe generated, the carrier having an identifier unique to the carrier andassociated therewith, and a surface area for providing depositinformation; an imaging device for separately generating andtransmitting the electronic image of the front and back of thenegotiable instrument and the unique identifier, while the negotiableinstrument is secured to the carrier; a link configured to permit theimage device to be in communication with a network for directing thefront and back electronic image to a remote location for subsequentpairing of the front and back image of the negotiable instrument usingthe unique identifier; and a receiving unit at the remote location forreceiving and storing for later pairing separately transmitted front andback images of the negotiable instrument and subsequently to pair thefront image of the negotiable instrument having the associated uniqueidentifier to a separately received corresponding back image of thenegotiable instrument having the associated unique identifier, so as toprovide a complete image of the negotiable instrument.
 16. The system ofclaim 15 wherein the carrier further includes one of: a transparentsealing carrier, transparent non-sealing carrier having pockets,transparent non-sealing carrier without pockets, a non-transparentcut-out carrier, a transparent carrier with an inserted negotiableinstrument, a single sided carrier, and two sided carrier.
 17. Thesystem of claim 15 wherein the carrier further includes one of: a sealto retain the negotiable instrument therewith, an identifier to indicatethe negotiable instrument is processed, or a feature to permit alignmentof the negotiable instrument in a specified manner.
 18. The system ofclaim 15 wherein the negotiable instrument is a check or deposit slip.19. The system of claim 15 wherein the image device includes one of afax, a scanner, a device designed to transmit electronic data, otherimage devices compatible with ITU-T recommendations T.30 or T.4, othercommunications protocols compatible with banking industry standards, orcombination thereof.
 20. A carrier for a negotiable instrument, thecarrier comprising: a surface to which a negotiable instrument can beattached and made from a material that permits a front image and a backimage of the negotiable instrument, when the negotiable instrument issecured to the surface, to be generated for subsequent pairing of thefront and back image using the unique identifier; an identifier uniqueto the surface and associated therewith; an adhesive strip that permitspositioning and securing the negotiable instrument; a preprinted area onthe surface onto which deposit information can be entered and which canbe imaged with the negotiable instrument; and a constraint box in thepreprinted area where deposit information can be entered, to improve thereadability of hand printed information.
 21. The carrier of claim 20wherein the surface includes one of: a pattern, half tone markings, asequence number, a bar code, a cryptography bar code, or an invisiblemarking.
 22. The carrier of claim 20 wherein the body portion allows thenegotiable instrument to be stored in a permanent manner.
 23. Thecarrier of claim 20 wherein the surface on the body portion is furtherdesigned to permit a marking to be provided on the negotiable instrumentto prevent re-processing of the negotiable instrument.
 24. A carrier fora negotiable instrument and an associated deposit ticket, the carrierand associated deposit ticket comprising: a body portion of the carrierdesigned to permit a front image and a back image of the negotiableinstrument and associated deposit ticket, when the negotiable instrumentand associated deposit ticket are secured thereto, to be generated; anidentifier on a front side and back side of the associated depositticket to be imaged with the front and back respectively of thenegotiable instrument, the identifier being unique to the associateddeposit ticket: and a surface, on the body portion of the carrier, madefrom a material that can avoid interference with transmission of anelectronic image of the front and back of the negotiable instrument andthe associated deposit ticket including the unique identifier, while thenegotiable instrument is secured to the carrier, and with subsequentpairing of the front and back image of the negotiable instrument at aremote location.
 25. The carrier of claim 24 wherein the body portionincludes one of a seal or pocket.
 26. The carrier of claim 24 whereinthe wherein the surface is transparent.
 27. The carrier of claim 24wherein the surface includes one of: a pattern, half tone markings, asequence number, a bar code, a cryptography bar code, or an invisiblemarking.
 28. The carrier of claim 24 wherein the body portion allows thenegotiable instrument to be stored in a permanent manner.
 29. Thecarrier of claim 24 wherein the surface of the body portion is furtherdesigned to permit a marking to be provided on the negotiable instrumentto prevent re-processing of the negotiable instrument.